Aviation engine involves processing technique of key roll assembly
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0~2.
6mm, spare parts tigidity is poor, treatment difficulty is great. Graph 1 (B) it is part of dish of construction of axial an organic whole, it is will traditional compressor dish what make an organic whole with journal collect is important bear force, material is TC17, main aspects is turntable structure, have flange, spoke board, hub, Pan Xinkong, the chamfer of swallow end tenon that installs blade is contained on flange, spoke board place has opening of accurate bolt join. Spare parts journal carries exterior face to contain whorl, comb with a double-edged fine-toothed comb tine, outside the structural feature such as spline, radial inclined hole. Dish the another characteristic of part of construction of axial an organic whole is spoke board formed journal awl a round flat piece of jade with a hole in its center and turntable to close partly deep model antrum structure, treatment craft sex is poor. Graph 1 (C) spare parts of canister of the beat after be compressor, be by 5 compressor dish solder to combine and be become through inertial friction welding, contain 5 level chamfer of tenon of annular swallow end, space of the lumen between spoke board face is narrow, deepness of radial of lumen bedrock ministry is big, open wide a gender difficulty of poor, treatment is great, exterior area structure is complex, dimension precision is tall, technical condition asks to father, bosomy canister material is GH4169 after, hardness HB ≥ 388N/mm2. Technology of machining of typical spare parts mill of 1 efficient car is compound processing technique dish, the circumgyrate such as bosomy canister, journal kind the compound treatment of the spare parts, main with Che Xi compound treatment is given priority to, its characteristic is with working procedure concentration is a principle, turning, milling, get the treatment such as boring to close for an organic whole, different process is completed on facilities of a treatment the treatment of different perhaps technique, special agree with phase of spare parts finish machining, finishing main model while face turning is machined, still but the boring mill treatment such as aperture of the synchronous fixed position that finish, coupling aperture, keyway, lacy, spline and gear hobbing treatment, hold clip through namely, the car that finish, mill, get, a variety of treatment requirements such as boring, bore with a reamer, tap, gear hobbing, compound treatment can reduce Che Xi frequency of clip of outfit of spare parts fixed position and search time, eliminate repeat fixed position error, reduce tool amount, implementation automation, compositive turn treatment, raise a spare parts to machine precision and treatment efficiency substantially. To in an attempt to 1 (B) medium the spare parts is dish of axis an organic whole exemple, the spare parts is divided outside having the hodometer side such as body of flange, spoke board, axis, still have much place accurate coupling aperture, radial inclined hole, lock piece the feature such as groove of head of groove, ball, not only need turning treatment, and still need to get, treatment of boring, bore with a reamer and milling treatment. By conventional treatment mode spare parts needs to be on a variety of equipment such as machining center of boring machine of numerical control lathe, coordinate, 5 coordinate not only undertake machining, and need is passed for many times car, mill, get boring, Kong Bian to pour a circle to wait in all ability of 18 working procedure completes treatment, involved special tool amount is much, need repeats outfit clip to search for many times. And use Che Xi compound processing technique, hold clip through 2 with 2 working procedure only, can finish conventional technology to want the content that 18 working procedure machine. Che Xi compound machining center agrees with treatment is given priority to with turning, auger, treatment of boring, mill is complementary circumgyrate kind spare parts treatment. The B axis that mill of 5 axes car compound machining center has places motor-car to cut a function, special apply to aviation engine a few structures are complex of the spare parts close partly model antrum treatment, the turntable that be like eddy (see a picture 1 (A) , dish spare parts of axial an organic whole (graph 1 (B) ) deep model antrum treatment. The main structure characteristic of this kind of spare parts is: Spoke board is longer, model antrum space is narrow, and radial deepness is big, width of mouth of axial of Pan Xinkong place is narrow, main difficult point is structure of spare parts thin wall on one hand in treatment, in treatment suffer cutting force easily to affect generation treatment to be out of shape, the influence machines precision, on the other hand the cutting tool in process of deep antrum cutting generates collision, interference as easily as the spare parts, hit a knife even, cause a spare parts to discard as useless. To solve afore-mentioned problems, except treatment advancement travel imitate is emulated, outside the interference in eliminating treatment, the blame sign that needs a design to satisfy deep antrum to machine at the same time is special cutting tool. Close partly deep model antrum is machined on lathe of ordinary numerical control or turning center, need is not 3 times ability of mark cutting tool will be whole model full treatment completes the side, and the B axis of compound machining center places applied car mill motor-car cuts a function, make fillet of milling main shaft moves cutting tool synchronism to swing, cutting tool adjusts cutting angle and athletic position ceaselessly as the form that processes place, the arbor in making up for groovy turning secures immobile inadequacy. In afore-mentioned dish the deep antrum of spare parts of axial an organic whole was used only in treatment cold structure is not mark cutting tool inside a high pressure, cut processing technique through B axis applying to place motor-car in programming, realized axis of X, Z, B turning of 3 axes linkage, satisfied close partly deep model antrum machines need, decreased to receive the knife, number that change a knife, those who assured outline of deep antrum face is pliable turn receive, raised a spare parts to machine quality. Foreword of 2 whole journey does not have foreword of whole journey of interpose CNC Machining not to have technology of interpose CNC Machining, be a working procedure medium all labor situation machines content conformity to become a paragraph to have " interactive " the numerical control program of ability, numerical control machine tool jockeys besides the plan that devises need in craft the dot jockeys beyond, content of each labor situation treatment of working procedure are finished continuously according to certain order measure, treatment process does not need artificial interpose, implementation program whole moves continuously, start the treatment that finish, the CNC Machining that changed a tradition is opposite by handlers handiwork knife, measure, on the knife lags behind this kind means, enhance the dependability of the operating system, eliminate the error in treatment, will machine, measure and compensate effectively confluence to be in same block, those who come true to implement principal part for the process by the machine tool is successive " without interpose " machine mode, the chance that reduced greatly to make mistake artificially is led and jockey needlessly time. Whole journey foreword does not have interpose CNC Machining, the craft element such as means of speed of measure of the treatment technology program that needs pair of different structure parts, treatment, contrail taking a knife, cutting, cutting, feed and cutting tool structure undertakes optimizing designing, ensure craft element is complete and correct and reasonable, reliable, must make sufficient refrigeration and effective ground break bits in cutting process at the same time, avoid treatment to interrupt. Pursue in treatment for example 1 (B) structure of dish of medium deep antrum of part of construction of axial an organic whole when, treatment of wide choice vehicle all is used contain the special cutting tool of cold structure inside high pressure and Che Xi compound treatment facilities, use a machine tool to be opposite automatically knife, change a knife, imitate walks along knife contrail, avert cutting tool and spare parts interference, do not have program of interpose CNC Machining according to what what weave next, the knife plate form with different make choice of and machine place parameter of bit, cutting, according to designs treatment measure undertakes machining. Use the knife plate of perpendicular structure above all, install the cutting tool with wide 4~6mm, undertake thick a lumen and the treatment that plunge into lumen greatly, purify is deep model speech is major surplus, use next " tilt " structural knife plate, install round head razor blade, with axial statified cutting means, spoke of the lumen that finish board treatment, change next for radial statified cutting means, complete the treatment of ministry of deep antrum root, applied B axis to swing finally turning processing technique and constant linear velocity cutting, complete the fine vehicle treatment of deep antrum face. Traditional treatment pattern, the control of filling cost of the knife on handlers of support of precision of spare parts dimension, influencing factor that gets a person to be is big, disperse of dimension public errand is spent big, use have nothing to do with beforehand CNC Machining is normative the operation measure of operator and order, utmost ground is reduced " factitious interpose " wrong machine rate, the risk of the problem that appears a lot of respect possibly and existence undertook effective avoid, the 90% difference in be close to are worth the public errand of spare parts dimension after treatment, and the time of spare parts of different operator treatment is almost consistent, realized standard basic cycle time. Chamfer of tenon of spare parts of 3 dishes of beat machines dish of tenon chamfer that rouses kind of spare parts flange to go up to contain installation lamina normally, can divide by appearance even if cultivate form tenon chamfer and chamfer of tenon of swallow end form,be, direction of the chamfer that press tenon is divided again for axial tenon chamfer and annular tenon chamfer, axial tenon chamfer uses broaching treatment normally, chamfer of tenon of annular swallow end uses CNC Turning treatment. 3.
What because precision of tenon chamfer dimension reachs positional precision,broaching of 1 tenon chamfer machines is ceaseless rise, treatment of tenon chamfer broaching already improved development to be broaching of side of numerical control high speed by means of the broaching inside traditional hydraulic pressure, broaching machine of side of numerical control high speed has tigidity limits of good, speed big, drive is smooth, the journey long, precision degree of tall, automation is advanced characteristic, can simplify greatly clamping apparatus structure, machine effect to lead intensity of tall, labor to be reduced greatly. Use extensively already at eddy turntable, compressor at present dish the tenon chamfer treatment that reachs civil turbine machine. Even if turntable of eddy of alloy of some pulverous high temperature cultivates broaching of form tenon chamfer, equipment chooses to be broaching machine of side of numerical control high speed, 7500mm of the greatest distance. Broach of design whole set in all 14, the platoon divides broaching 2 times to finish into 2. 1~7 to open groovy knife, the 8th thick draw flute profile, 9~11 for knife of chamfer of the rough rough draft that pull tooth, knife of circular arc of the 12nd thick top that pull tooth, the 13rd essence pulls bottom land circular arc, the 14th pulls tooth form knife for essence of life. Sketch map of its broaching plan is like the broaching surplus of broach each namely the graph is shown 2 times. Broach material chose T15 of material of pulverous high-speed steel, the horn before broach is 15 ° , hind horn is 3 ° , adoption tooth rises a quantity to be: Thick knife opening slot is 0.
05~0.
055mm; Thick pull flute profile knife for 0.
025~0.
04mm; Essence of life pulls knife of bottom land circular arc for 0.
02mm; Essence of life pulls flute profile knife to be 0~0.
025mm, broaching means shapes completely to cut type ＋ gradually, the broaching speed after optimizing is thick pull 1m/min; Essence of life pulls 1~1.
5m/min, obtained favorable broaching result. 3.
The treatment of numerical control car of chamfer of tenon of end of 2 annular swallow is in engine compressor dish reach what structure of chamfer of tenon of annular swallow end uses on component bosomy a canister more, tenon chamfer starts to talk small, lumen is wide, working surface outline spends tenon chamfer to be in commonly 0.
01mm left and right sides, other surface outline is spent be in commonly 0.
025mm left and right sides, production precision demand is high, main treatment difficulty is: (1) precision of position of dimension of node of tenon chamfer working face, axial and requirement of public errand of dimension of standard limit diameter are strict, especially tenon chamfer outline is spent should be in complete model assure on the face, tall to requirement of equipment cutting tool, phenomenon of sclerosis of difference of sex of GH4169 material cutting, treatment is serious, affect the treatment precision of the spare parts and exterior quality standard. (2) tenon chamfer structure is antrum big, mouth is small, open wide sexual difference, make tenon chamfer treatment uses cutting tool head big neck is small, cervical intensity is weaker, and mental allowance is bigger, discharge bits difficulty, in machining a process easy appear the phenomenon that hit a knife. Treatment of chamfer of tenon of end of Nextpage annular swallow should choose the numerical control Pullman with equipment taller precision or numerical control to establish a car, if the graph is shown 3 times,sketch map of the treatment on the car stands in numerical control. According to first thick hind the treatment of essence of life is ordinal, divide 5 measure to complete tenon chamfer treatment. The first pace uses cutting tool, use means of feed of a flight of stairs, the circle outside tenon chamfer and mid surplus purify; The 2nd pace uses radius of point of a knife to be R0.
The lozenge lathe tool of 4mm, or so deflection, the circle outside machining fluctuation ministry respectively is fiducial, diametical dimension treatment asks to blueprint; The 3rd pace uses knife of appropriative tenon tank car, two parts play on cent, chase chamfer of layer general tenon the major surplus purify of two side, stay 0.
3mm surplus; The 4th pace chooses the tenon chamfer bit with outline better side, undertake tenon chamfer final model face treatment; The 5th pace uses round bit, the car writes the mark receiving a knife of ministry of tenon bottom land, complete the turning treatment of whole tenon chamfer. The attention when process designing uses means of knife of circular arc advance and retreat as far as possible, in order to make sure outline contrail is flowing. 4 beat canister combines a spoke board deep antrum face machines compressor dish form combination bosomy a canister through friction welding or electron beam solder hind, various dish deep antrum bottom face is machined between spoke board is the difficulty in treatment and bottleneck all the time, especially H of size of lumen radial depth is more than A of φ of Pan Xinkong diameter close treatment of long and narrow lumen face is the key in rousing a canister to constitute a treatment more. As a result of various dish span C is small between hub, the treatment below condition is inspected in blind when cutting tool cutting, cannot observe monitoring cutting condition, treatment risk is big (see a picture 4) . Groovy technique and cutting tool cannot finish this kind of deep antrum to close model face treatment, can choose only dangerous extend the cutting tool with longer, thinner ply to undertake machining, cause cutting tool tigidity poor, intensity is inferior, in machining a process easy appear let knife and cutting resonance phenomenon, aggravate cutting tool wears away, surface of the spare parts after treatment is easy occurrence Zhen Wen, treatment difficulty is great. In technology program design, need reachs technique from cutting tool two respects proceed with, first selection duplicates the CAPTO structure with fixed position high precision board form cutter hub, use vibration isolation device to make cutter hub has good tigidity and stability, passageway of high-pressured cooling fluid matchs inside cutter hub, cooling fluid direct service arrives cutting position, solve lumen to discharge bits and cooling difficult problem. Machine cutting tool to be comprised by 3 parts, include what be linked together with equipment to turn receive cutter hub, with turn the deep antrum knife plate that accepts cutter hub to be linked together and razor blade. Turn length of the body that receive a knife follows height of spare parts axial and progressional and distinct change, deep antrum knife plate is divided normally to go up, below 3 kinds of medium, structures, machine the upside of deep antrum underside, mid, bottom face respectively. Preferential on technique choose contain the to knife system numerical control inside machine to establish a car to undertake machining, two paces have cent rough machining and precision work, to especially deep long and narrow model antrum treatment, dot removing a knife is set in with the dot that retreat a knife model antrum is in-house. The cutting means of cutting tool uses radial statified cutting, reduce knife number as far as possible. Use mid knife plate above all, machine B of φ of lumen bottom diameter, change next upside knife plate, the cutting tool contrail that presses programming undertakes machining, the observation after treatment and abdomen board turn accept the case receiving a knife of place, correction axial knife fills, new moving program completes the treatment of upside face; Knife plate of final use bottom machines the others surface, finish whole model face treatment. Raise integrality of dish of quality of kind of surface of component of motor of processing technique of integrality of spare parts surface, surface to be being put forward gradually as the design index of new-style engine, especially to dish, the crucial and rotational component such as bosomy canister, as a result of its work environment abominable, case getting power is complex, because this is right integrality of the exterior quality of this kind of spare parts, surface and face are fine treatment raised strict requirement. 1 dish light act the role ofing machines a vibration eddy turntable structure is complex, exterior quality demand is high, install especially spoke board forms edge and turntable to close partly deep model antrum, open wide sexual extreme difference. Turntable spoke board, requirement of surface roughness of the surface inside place of the circle outside installing a limit and end panel, spoke board antrum is strict, all be Ra0.
80 μ M, conventional smooth full treatment is arenaceous list is used on common lathe, use manual polish means to machine, because eddy turntable antrum opens wide a gender to differ, manual polish can be amounted to scarcely, surface roughness assures not easily, quality is not stable. Oscillatory light acts the role of treatment to pass the opposite motion of abrasive and spare parts, the grinding that produces drop machines action, the sharp edge of surface of purify spare parts and tiny and raised, make spare parts surface produce remains to press stress, raise the exterior integrality of the spare parts thereby. Vibration of type of axis coming back is acted the role of solely machine is OK positive and negative is two-way and rotational, can circle oneself rotation, at the same time around revolution of main shaft center, abrasive box is periodic fluctuation reciprocate, make spare parts and abrasive contact and grinding are accelerated thereby, bedding face accumulates much direction to chafe, realize efficient smooth full treatment. When oscillatory light acts the role of treatment, finish day of surface of turntable a side above all through special fixture, will dish installation is placed in machine tool pneumatic dish on, those who adopt main shaft system litre fall in driving a spare parts to enter abrasive, below the action that waits for system of many sided campaign in material or blank bin of planetary gear department, motion, the outside face to turntable spare parts, model antrum and end panel undertake light makes treatment, make abrasive and spare parts surface produce extruding, delimit brush wait for motion, realize efficient to the small cutting of the spare parts treatment. Abrasive component is corundum or pottery and porcelain, appearance can be multilateral lozenge, triangle or circle. Oscillatory light acts the role of the frequency that treatment chooses to be 60 ± 5Hz normally, oscillatory light acts the role of time to be 30~60min normally. After vibration of surface of a side that finish is acted the role of solely, retroflexion spare parts, reinstall place in machine tool pneumatic dish on, undertake light of another side surface acts the role of treatment. The turntable after be being acted the role of to oscillatory light undertakes relevant index detects, the result is as follows: (1) amount of change of condition of the dimension that oscillatory light acts the role of around, technology is small, in 0~0.
Between 01mm, through solidify craft parameter and oscillatory light act the role of time, its change quantity can accuse, precision of dimension of the spare parts after oscillatory light is acted the role of satisfies blueprint paper to ask. (2) surface roughness of the surface after oscillatory light is acted the role of is worth reduce 1~2 grade. (3) surface of the turntable after oscillatory light is acted the role of by pull stress to change to press stress, press stress value to be in - between 200~-500MPa. Demonstrative vibration acts the role of treatment solely not only changeable surface surface roughness, and the stress position that can change spare parts face and exterior integrality. (4) the exterior form appearance after oscillatory light is acted the role of has very big change, via enlarge 50 times metallographic examines, exterior grain is even and neat, take knife mark without apparent Zhou Xiang, exterior quality gets huge is improved, if pursue,5 are shown. Brim of 2 tenon chamfer is automatic chamfer of tenon of processing eddy turntable and end panel brim transfer round horn is R0.
4~R0.
6, exterior surface roughness is Ra0.
80 μ M, ask edge tenon chamfer face pours a circle and polishing, pliable turn receive (see a picture 6) . Traditional treatment pattern is to use file, oilstone and burr of gauze list purify and the technique of polishing finishs tenon chamfer edge preparation, consistency of size of the brim after treatment is poorer. The automatic processing of tenon chamfer brim is going up automatically to horny chance, the polish that uses special milling cutter pouring wine cup and unit of machine tool polish is brushed, press the contrail of numerical control program that has woven beforehand, come true to have the compound treatment of milling and automatic polish to brim of chamfer of eddy turntable tenon with certain cutting parameter, use built up fixture to be able to satisfy different aperture dish the requirement that hold clip, applied hard alloy is special round horn of milling of linkage of milling cutter four-axle, n=25000r/min of milling cutter rotate speed, feed F=600mm/min, cutting deepness Ap= 0.
1mm, brim of purify tenon chamfer is major surplus, surface roughness can amount to Ra1.
60 μ M, apply diamond of two kinds of standards next thick, fine polish is brushed, the brim after be being machined to mill undertakes the circle is rectified with polishing, the compound light of brim of chamfer of the tenon that finish makes treatment. It is good that this technique pours consistency of the horn, size after pouring a circle, be not contacted and affect the tenon chamfer surface after broaching and dimension precision, reduce exterior surface roughness to be worth the effect apparent. The production technology with advanced last word is the base that aviation engine technology expands, the development of high-powered aviation engine is taller and taller to creating the demand of equipment and engineering technology, of level of aviation engine performance rise, it is level of support promotion design not just, what rely on design, material and level of treatment engineering technology however is collective rise and progress, especially to dish the crucial and rotational component such as beat, journal, its treatment precision and exterior quality are crucial to engine function and dependability. We must issue great strength to begin high-powered aviation engine to make technical research, in digest absorb international on the foundation of advanced production technology, the real need that combines new material, new structure, new technology to apply ceaselessly, begin craft to make technical innovation and exploration, promote aviation engine to make technical standard energetically. CNC Milling